Survival and psychomotor development with early betaine treatment in patients with severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency

IMPORTANCE

The impact of betaine treatment on outcome in patients with severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is presently unclear.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of betaine treatment on development and survival in patients with severe MTHFR deficiency.

DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE,

and Cochrane databases between January 1960 and December 2012.

STUDY SELECTION

Studies that described patients with severe MTHFR deficiency who received betaine treatment.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS

We identified 15 case reports and case series, totaling 36 patients. Data included the following: (1) families with 2 or more patients with severe MTHFR deficiency, of whom at least 1 received betaine, or (2) single patients with severe MTHFR deficiency treated with betaine. To define severe MTHFR deficiency, methionine, homocysteine, MTHFR enzyme activity in fibroblasts, or mutations (in the MTHFR gene) had to be described as well as the effect of treatment (survival and/or psychomotor development). We compared the outcome in treated vs untreated patients and early- vs late-treated patients. Sensitivity analysis was performed to address definition of early treatment. To further assess the impact of treatment on mortality, we performed a subanalysis in families with at least 1 untreated deceased patient.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

Survival and psychomotor development.

RESULTS

Eleven of 36 patients (31%) died. All deaths occurred in patients who did not receive treatment or in patients in whom treatment was delayed. In contrast, all 5 early-treated patients survived. Subgroup analysis of patients with deceased siblings-their genotypically identical controls-revealed that betaine treatment prevented mortality (P = .002). In addition, psychomotor development in surviving patients treated with betaine was normal in all 5 early-treated patients but in none of the 19 surviving patients with delayed treatment (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

Early betaine treatment prevents mortality and allows normal psychomotor development in patients with severe MTHFR deficiency, highlighting the importance of timely recognition through newborn screening.

 

Authors: 
E.F. Diekman, T.J. de Koning, N.M. Verhoeven-Duif, M.M. Rovers, P.M. van Hasselt
Authors from the NMC: 
DOI: 
10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4915
Pages: 
2013; [Epub ahead of print]
Published in: 
JAMA Neurology
Date of publication: 
February, 2014
Status of the publication: 
Published/accepted